What is FTP in Computer Networks? A Complete Explanation

What is FTP in Computer Network? A Detailed Explanation

In the modern world based on data, being able to exchange files between systems via a network is vital. From uploading configuration files to a server or downloading software updates, the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is instrumental in contemporary IT environments. At UniNets, we assist future network experts in comprehending and becoming proficient with FTP within computer networks through our in-depth Cisco training and Cisco courses.

In this blog, we’ll provide a complete explanation of FTP, how it works, its advantages, limitations, and how it fits into the broader landscape of networking protocols like RIP protocol, switching, and even DevOps.

What is FTP in Computer Networks?

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a network protocol for transferring files between a client and a server over a TCP-based network, e.g., the Internet or an enterprise internal LAN.

FTP runs at the application layer of the OSI model and utilizes the TCP protocol for reliable delivery. It traditionally uses two ports:

Port 21: For control commands (login, session establishment)

Port 20: For data transfer

In plain language, FTP in computer networks enables you to upload, download, delete, rename, and list files on a remote system.

FTP Workflow: A Simple Workflow

When you implement an FTP client such as FileZilla or command-line FTP, the workflow typically follows this way:

The client establishes a connection with the FTP server on port 21.

After authenticating, the server establishes a secondary connection (port 20) for file transfers.

The user can then transfer files to/from the server.

Once the task is complete, the session is closed.

FTP can operate in active or passive modes, depending on how the client and server manage connections—something you’ll explore deeply in UniNets’ hands-on Cisco training.

FTP in Real-Life Networking Environments

FTP is still widely used in network management, software distribution, and server administration. For example:

Network engineers employ FTP to upload IOS images to Cisco routers and switches. 

DevOps teams make use of scripts to automate file transfers during deployment.

Organizations use internal FTP servers to handle configuration files and backups. 

When integrated with switching technologies, FTP is able to work effectively across segmented networks. Switches assist in directing FTP traffic between VLANs, ensuring throughput, and minimizing packet loss.

FTP vs Other Protocols: Where Does It Stand?

FTP can be compared with more secure versions such as SFTP and FTPS. Before delving into these variations, however, it is important to learn the fundamentals of FTP in computer networks.

RIP protocol (Routing Information Protocol) and FTP may have different functions, but both are basic networking concepts:

FTP: Transfers files between devices.

RIP routing: Calculates the most suitable route for network traffic among routers.

Our Cisco training in UniNets teaches you how to set up FTP and protocols such as RIP, enabling you to have a solid foundation in data transmission as well as routing.

Switching's Place in FTP Performance

Switching is essential to FTP operations, particularly in big networks. Effective switching guarantees:

Low latency between FTP servers and the clients.

Fast data transfer by transferring data directly to the destination.

Isolated traffic using VLANs for FTP zones to improve security.

By configuring switches using Cisco training lab setups, you’ll see firsthand how proper switch design enhances FTP traffic flow and reduces bottlenecks.

FTP Security Considerations

One major downside of traditional FTP is its lack of encryption. User credentials and files are transmitted in plain text, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping.

To counter this:

FTPS (FTP Secure) uses SSL/TLS encryption.

SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) provides secure transfer via SSH.

Even with its vulnerability, FTP continues to be applicable in managed environments, particularly in internal networks protected by firewalls, VLANs, and routing protocols such as RIP.

Some common FTP interview questions in DevOps and Networking

If you're studying for networking or DevOps interview questions, you'll frequently find questions related to FTP. Here are some examples from our DevOps interview questions and answers unit at UniNets:

Q: What is the default port number for FTP?

A: Port 21 for control, Port 20 for data transfer.

Q: How does FTP differ from SFTP?

A: FTP uses unencrypted connections, whereas SFTP employs SSH to transfer files securely.

Q: Can you limit FTP access via VLANs?

A: Yes, VLANs set through switching can segregate FTP traffic for security.

These kinds of DevOps interview questions and answers are included in our syllabus to make our students totally ready for job interviews.

FTP Configuration within Cisco Training Labs

We don't only teach theory at UniNets—there's lab practice too. In our Cisco training, you will configure:

FTP servers on local and remote networks.

Access control lists (ACLs) to limit FTP access.

VLANs through switches to control FTP data flow.

Routing protocols such as RIP to allow FTP traffic to reach external networks. 

This blend of FTP, routing, and switching skill makes you a unique candidate in networking as well as DevOps positions.

FTP in DevOps

Although most cloud tools nowadays utilize APIs and secure file transfer protocols, FTP continues to have a presence in automation scripts and older systems. DevOps engineers need to know:

How FTP integrates with CI/CD pipelines.

FTP automation using shell scripts or Python.

Moving logs, configs, and artifacts from one environment to another.

These scenarios are dealt with effectively by our Cisco training and DevOps materials at UniNets.

FTP can be the oldest network protocol in computers, yet it retains so much importance, provided it is supported by effective switching, secure setups, and the optimal knowledge of routing protocols such as RIP. With UniNets' Cisco training catering to industry needs, students develop real-world experience in applying FTP in computer networks, administering FTP computer networks, and addressing associated DevOps interview questions confidently.

If you're interested in establishing or advancing your career in networking, learning about FTP is a good move—and the best place to do it is at UniNets.