No matter how you answer this question, you may rest easier knowing that you are not alone.
Sleep issues can affect people of all ages and impact many parts of our lives.
While the science and nature of sleep is too complex to sum up on a single page, taking a peek at sleep statistics nationwide can help you understand key aspects of sleep health, as well as how widespread sleep issues are.
The sleep cycle repeats several times throughout a single sleep period. During each cycle, time spent in each stage of sleep shifts.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
While the states Hawaii, Kentucky, and West Virginia reported the worst sleep, the states Colorado, Minnesota, and Vermont reported the best sleep.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
According to U.S. census data, over 70 million men, over 50 million women, and almost 20 million children snore.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
Between 14% and 17% of children grind their teeth during sleep, however the prevalence decreases with age with 15% of adolescents, 8% of adults, and 3% of older adults experiencing bruxism.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
About 143 million women in the U.S. are affected by hot flashes. Approximately 64% of that population also experience sleep issues and insomnia.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
TV watching is the most commonly reported activity before bed, despite the potential consequences on sleep.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
According to a Sleep Foundation poll, the majority of respondents drink coffee regularly and over half of those coffee-drinkers reported difficulty meeting the recommended hours of sleep.
Infographic: Sleep Foundation
-
Patel, A. K., Reddy, V., & Araujo, J. F. (2020). Physiology, Sleep Stages. StatPearls Publishing., Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526132/
-
Sharma, S., & Kavuru, M. (2010). Sleep and metabolism: an overview. International journal of endocrinology, 2010, 270832.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20811596/
-
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes (NINDS). (2019, August 13). Brain basics: Understanding Sleep.
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep
-
Skarpsno, E. S., Mork, P. J., Nilsen, T., & Holtermann, A. (2017). Sleep positions and nocturnal body movements based on free-living accelerometer recordings: Association with demographics, lifestyle, and insomnia symptoms. Nature and Science of Sleep, 9, 267–275.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29138608/
-
Consensus Conference Panel, Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., Malhotra, R. K., Martin, J. L., Patel, S. R., Quan, S. F., Tasali, E., Non-Participating Observers, Twery, M., Croft, J. B., Maher, E., … Heald, J. L. (2015). Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: A joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 11(6), 591–592.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25979105/
-
Liu, Y., Wheaton, A. G., Chapman, D. P., Cunningham, T. J., Lu, H., & Croft, J. B. (2016). Prevalence of healthy sleep duration among adults–United States, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(6), 137–141., Retrieved March 24, 2023, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26890214/
-
County Health Rankings. (n.d.). Hawaii: Insufficient Sleep., Retrieved March 24, 2023, from
https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/hawaii?year=2022&measure=Insufficient+Sleep*
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health. (2006). 500 Cities Project Data [online]. Accessed Oct 22, 2020 from, Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://www.cdc.gov/places/
-
Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., Taylor, J., Troxel, W. M., & van Stolk, C. (2017). Why Sleep Matters-The Economic Costs of Insufficient Sleep: A Cross-Country Comparative Analysis. Rand health quarterly, 6(4), 11.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28983434/
-
Chapman, D. P., Liu, Y., McKnight-Eily, L. R., Croft, J. B., Holt, J. B., Balkin, T. J., & Giles, W. H. (2015). Daily insufficient sleep and active duty status. Military medicine, 180(1), 68–76.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25562860/
-
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Board of Directors, Watson, N. F., Morgenthaler, T., Chervin, R., Carden, K., Kirsch, D., Kristo, D., Malhotra, R., Martin, J., Ramar, K., Rosen, I., Weaver, T., & Wise, M. (2015). Confronting Drowsy Driving: The American Academy of Sleep Medicine Perspective. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 11(11), 1335–1336.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26414989/
-
Shahly, V., Berglund, P. A., Coulouvrat, C., Fitzgerald, T., Hajak, G., Roth, T., Shillington, A. C., Stephenson, J. J., Walsh, J. K., & Kessler, R. C. (2012). The associations of insomnia with costly workplace accidents and errors: results from the America Insomnia Survey. Archives of general psychiatry, 69(10), 1054–1063.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23026955/
-
Schwab, R.J. (2020, June). Merck Manual Professional Version: Snoring., Retrieved September 13, 2023, from
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/sleep-and-wakefulness-disorders/snoring
-
Keropian, B., & Murphy, N. (2014). The prevalence of OSA in snorers presenting with various chief complaints: a pilot study. Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice, 32(3), 217–218.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25000164/
-
Santilli M, Manciocchi E, D’Addazio G, Di Maria E, D’Attilio M, Femminella B, Sinjari B. Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 29;18(19):10277.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508429/
-
Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J. Longitudinal Study of Moderate Weight Change and Sleep-Disordered Breathing. JAMA. 2000;284(23):3015–3021.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/193382
-
Donovan, L. M., & Kapur, V. K. (2016). Prevalence and Characteristics of Central Compared to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Analyses from the Sleep Heart Health Study Cohort. Sleep, 39(7), 1353–1359.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27166235/
-
Bonnet, M., & Arand, D. (2022, April 15). Risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of insomnia in adults. In R. Benca (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved September 26, 2023, from
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-comorbidities-and-consequences-of-insomnia-in-adults
-
Mong, J. A., & Cusmano, D. M. (2016). Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 371(1688), 20150110.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26833831/
-
Peter J Colvonen, Erin Almklov, Jessica C Tripp, Christi S Ulmer, James O E Pittman, Niloofar Afari, Prevalence rates and correlates of insomnia disorder in post-9/11 veterans enrolling in VA healthcare, Sleep, Volume 43, Issue 12, December 2020
https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/43/12/zsaa119/5856320
-
Nguyen V, George T, Brewster GS. Insomnia in Older Adults. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2019 Dec;8(4):271-290.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731454/
-
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). (2022, March 24). Sleep deprivation and deficiency., Retrieved March 29, 2023, from
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sleep-deprivation-and-deficiency
-
Joffe, H., Massler, A., & Sharkey, K. M. (2010). Evaluation and management of sleep disturbance during the menopause transition. Seminars in reproductive medicine, 28(5), 404–421.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20845239/
-
MedlinePlus: National Library of Medicine (US). (2018, May 1). Restless legs syndrome., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/restless-legs-syndrome/
-
Genetics Home Reference. (2018, June 1). Narcolepsy. MedlinePlus., Retrieved March 13, 2023, from
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/narcolepsy/
-
Wang, B., Duan, R., & Duan, L. (2018). Prevalence of sleep disorder in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association, 24(3), 141–150., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29652034/
-
Bjorvatn, B., Grønli, J., & Pallesen, S. (2010). Prevalence of different parasomnias in the general population. Sleep medicine, 11(10), 1031–1034.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21093361/
-
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. (2020, May 19). High Blood Pressure Symptoms and Causes.
https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm
-
Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). Lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis: a systematic review. Sleep medicine reviews, 15(5), 311–315.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21571556/
-
Basner, M., Clark, C., Hansell, A., Hileman, J. I., Janssen, S., Shepherd, K., & Sparrow, V. (2017). Aviation Noise Impacts: State of the Science. Noise & health, 19(87), 41–50.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29192612/
-
Weiss J. P. (2012). Nocturia: focus on etiology and consequences. Reviews in urology, 14(3-4), 48–55.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602727/
-
Mold, J. W., Mathew, M. K., Belgore, S., & DeHaven, M. (2002). Prevalence of night sweats in primary care patients: An OKPRN and TAFP-Net collaborative study. The Journal of Family Practice, 51(5), 452–456.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12019054/
-
Shaker, R., Castell, D. O., Schoenfeld, P. S., & Spechler, S. J. (2003). Nighttime heartburn is an under-appreciated clinical problem that impacts sleep and daytime function: the results of a Gallup survey conducted on behalf of the American Gastroenterological Association. The American journal of gastroenterology, 98(7), 1487–1493.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12873567/
-
Baker, F. C., Sassoon, S. A., Kahan, T., Palaniappan, L., Nicholas, C. L., Trinder, J., & Colrain, I. M. (2012). Perceived poor sleep quality in the absence of polysomnographic sleep disturbance in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Journal of sleep research, 21(5), 535–545.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22417163/
-
Kızılırmak, A., Timur, S., & Kartal, B. (2012). Insomnia in pregnancy and factors related to insomnia. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2012, 197093.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22623880/
-
Louis, J., & Pien, G. W. (2022, November 28). Obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy. In V. Berghella, & N. Collop (Eds.). UpToDate., Retrieved January 16, 2023, from
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-pregnancy
-
Dominguez JE, Street L, Louis J. Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2018 Jun;45(2):233-247.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5995135/
-
Dunietz, G. L., Lisabeth, L. D., Shedden, K., Shamim-Uzzaman, Q. A., Bullough, A. S., Chames, M. C., Bowden, M. F., & O’Brien, L. M. (2017). Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep-Wake Disturbances in Pregnancy. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 13(7), 863–870.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28633715/
-
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D’Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., Malow, B. A., Maski, K., Nichols, C., Quan, S. F., Rosen, C. L., Troester, M. M., & Wise, M. S. (2016). Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 12(6), 785–786., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27250809/
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, June 15). Data and Statistics for SIDS and SUID | CDC., Retrieved March 29, 2023, from
https://www.cdc.gov/sudden-infant-death/about/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/sids/about/index.htm
-
Owens, J. A. (2020, August 18). Behavioral sleep problems in children. In R. D. Chervin (Ed.). UpToDate., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/behavioral-sleep-problems-in-children
-
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). The International Classification of Sleep Disorders – Third Edition (ICSD-3). Darien, IL., Retrieved March 28, 2023, from
https://aasm.org/
-
Esposito, S., Laino, D., D’Alonzo, R., Mencarelli, A., Di Genova, L., Fattorusso, A., Argentiero, A., & Mencaroni, E. (2019). Pediatric sleep disturbances and treatment with melatonin. Journal of Translational Medicine, 17(1), 77.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30871585/
-
Taylor, R. W., Haszard, J. J., Jackson, R., Morrison, S., Beebe, D. W., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Elder, D. E., & Galland, B. C. (2023). Effect of Sleep Changes on Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Children: A Secondary Analysis of the DREAM Crossover Trial. JAMA network open, 6(3), e233005.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36920394/
-
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research. (2006). Functional and economic impact of sleep loss and sleep-related disorders. In H. R. Colten & B. M. Altevogt (Eds.), Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem (pp. 137–172). National Academies Press (US)., Retrieved March 29, 2023, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19958/
-
Wheaton, A. G., Jones, S. E., Cooper, A. C., Croft, J. B. (2018). Short sleep duration among middle school and high school students — United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 67, 85-90.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6703a1.htm?s_cid=mm6703a1_w
-
Pillion, M., Gradisar, M., Bartel, K., Whittall, H., & Kahn, M. (2022). What’s “app”-ning to adolescent sleep? Links between device, app use, and sleep outcomes. Sleep medicine, 100, 174–182., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084495/
-
David Richter, Michael D Krämer, Nicole K Y Tang, Hawley E Montgomery-Downs, Sakari Lemola, Long-term effects of pregnancy and childbirth on sleep satisfaction and duration of first-time and experienced mothers and fathers, Sleep, Volume 42, Issue 4, April 2019
https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/42/4/zsz015/5289255
-
Nugent CN, Black LI. (2016). Sleep duration, quality of sleep, and use of sleep medication, by sex and family type, 2013–2014. NCHS data brief, no 230. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26766187/
-
Mason GM, Holmes JF, Andre C, Spencer RMC. Bedsharing in Early Childhood: Frequency, Partner Characteristics, and Relations to Sleep. J Genet Psychol. 2021 Jul-Aug;182(4):269-288.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522355/
-
Ford, D. E., & Kamerow, D. B. (1989). Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?. JAMA, 262(11), 1479–1484., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2769898/
-
Reeves, G. M., Nijjar, G. V., Langenberg, P., Johnson, M. A., Khabazghazvini, B., Sleemi, A., Vaswani, D., Lapidus, M., Manalai, P., Tariq, M., Acharya, M., Cabassa, J., Snitker, S., & Postolache, T. T. (2012). Improvement in depression scores after 1 hour of light therapy treatment in patients with seasonal affective disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 200(1), 51–55.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22210362/
-
Nutt, D., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 10(3), 329–336.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18979946/
-
Maher, M. J., Rego, S. A., & Asnis, G. M. (2006). Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: epidemiology, impact and approaches to management. CNS drugs, 20(7), 567–590., Retrieved March 27, 2023, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16800716/
-
Li, J., Somers, V. K., Xu, H., Lopez-Jimenez, F., & Covassin, N. (2022). Trends in Use of Melatonin Supplements Among US Adults, 1999-2018. JAMA, 327(5), 483–485.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788539
-
Cohen PA, Avula B, Wang Y, Katragunta K, Khan I. Quantity of Melatonin and CBD in Melatonin Gummies Sold in the US. JAMA. 2023;329(16):1401–1402.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2804077
-
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019, December 13). QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Took Medication To Help Fall or Stay Asleep Four or More Times in the Past Week, by Sex and Age Group — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2017–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:1150.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6849a5.htm?s_cid=mm6849a5_w
-
Fitzgerald, T., & Vietri, J. (2015). Residual Effects of Sleep Medications Are Commonly Reported and Associated with Impaired Patient-Reported Outcomes among Insomnia Patients in the United States. Sleep disorders, 2015, 607148.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26783470/
-
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (n.d.). AASM sleep prioritization survey: Sleep aid use.
https://aasm.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/sleep-prioritization-survey-sleep-aids.pdf
-
Ltd, R. a. M. (n.d.). Global Smart Sleep Tracking Products Market Analysis 2019-2028. Research and Markets Ltd 2023.
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5624587/global-smart-sleep-tracking-products-market
-
Robbins, R., Krebs, P., Rapoport, D. M., Jean-Louis, G., & Duncan, D. T. (2019). Examining Use of Mobile Phones for Sleep Tracking Among a National Sample in the USA. Health communication, 34(5), 545–551.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29334765/
-
Kalmbach, D. A., Arnedt, J. T., Pillai, V., & Ciesla, J. A. (2015). The impact of sleep on female sexual response and behavior: A pilot study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(5), 1221–1232.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25772315/
-
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2010 June 7). Study finds that sexsomnia is common in sleep center patients., Retrieved from
https://aasm.org/study-finds-that-sexsomnia-is-common-in-sleep-center-patients/
-
Shao, X., Wang, C., Jia, Y., & Wang, W. (2020). Sexual dream and family relationships in frequent sexual dreamers and healthy volunteers. Medicine, 99(36), e21981.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32899040/
-
Pietilä, J., Helander, E., Korhonen, I., Myllymäki, T., Kujala, U. M., & Lindholm, H. (2018). Acute Effect of Alcohol Intake on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation During the First Hours of Sleep in a Large Real-World Sample of Finnish Employees: Observational Study. JMIR mental health, 5(1), e23.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29549064/
-
Temple, J. L., Bernard, C., Lipshultz, S. E., Czachor, J. D., Westphal, J. A., & Mestre, M. A. (2017). The safety of ingested caffeine: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 80.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28603504/
-
Butt, M. S., & Sultan, M. T. (2011). Coffee and its consumption: benefits and risks. Critical reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4), 363–373.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21432699/
-
Zolfaghari, S., Cyr, M., Pelletier, A., & Postuma, R. B. (2023). Effects of Season and Daylight Saving Time Shifts on Sleep Symptoms: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology, 101(1), e74–e82.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37137725/
-
Pew Research Center. (2017, May 25). A third of Americans live in a household with three or more smartphones., Retrieved October 27, 2020, from
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/05/25/a-third-of-americans-live-in-a-household-with-three-or-more-smartphones/
-
Hale, L., Kirschen, G. W., LeBourgeois, M. K., Gradisar, M., Garrison, M. M., Montgomery-Downs, H., Kirschen, H., McHale, S. M., Chang, A. M., & Buxton, O. M. (2018). Youth Screen Media Habits and Sleep: Sleep-Friendly Screen Behavior Recommendations for Clinicians, Educators, and Parents. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 27(2), 229–245.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29502749/
-
Okamoto-Mizuno, K., & Mizuno, K. (2012). Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 31(1), 14.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22738673/